プログラミングと実行

コンパイラ: プログラムをアセンブリ言語に翻訳するソフト.

字句 (トークン, Tokens): コンパイラが翻訳作業上認識する文字, 文字列.

ソースファイル (Source Files): コンパイラが理解できる字句 (トークン) が書かれた テキストファイル. 拡張子 .c が付いて通常のソースファイルと, 拡張子 .h が付いた [ヘッダファイル] がある.

プログラム (Program): 一連のソースファイルから構成. ソースファイルは一つのみであったり, 複数であったりする. いずれの場合も main 関数が一つ, しかも一つのみ必要. プログラムの実行では, main 関数が呼び出される.

作業手順

1. プログラムの作成
2. コンパイル
3. 実行

コンパイルと実行方法

UNIX 系 OS (Mac OS X など)

% cc ソースファイル名

成功すると,

% ./a.out

コンパイル・オプション

hello.c

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
  printf("Hello C\n");
  return 0;
}

hello.c の実行結果は:

[cactus:~/code_c/c_tuts]% ./hello
Hello C

[cactus:~/code_c/c_tuts]% gcc -E hello.c を実行すると, ソースファイルがコンパイルされる前にの特定ソースファイルを下記のようになる.

# 1 "hello.c"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "hello.c"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
# 64 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/_types.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/_types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
# 33 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 2 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/machine/_types.h" 1 3 4
# 34 "/usr/include/machine/_types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/i386/_types.h" 1 3 4
# 37 "/usr/include/i386/_types.h" 3 4
typedef signed char __int8_t;



typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
typedef short __int16_t;
typedef unsigned short __uint16_t;
typedef int __int32_t;
typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;
typedef long long __int64_t;
typedef unsigned long long __uint64_t;

typedef long __darwin_intptr_t;
typedef unsigned int __darwin_natural_t;
# 70 "/usr/include/i386/_types.h" 3 4
typedef int __darwin_ct_rune_t;





typedef union {
 char __mbstate8[128];
 long long _mbstateL;
} __mbstate_t;

typedef __mbstate_t __darwin_mbstate_t;


typedef long int __darwin_ptrdiff_t;





typedef long unsigned int __darwin_size_t;





typedef __builtin_va_list __darwin_va_list;





typedef int __darwin_wchar_t;




typedef __darwin_wchar_t __darwin_rune_t;


typedef int __darwin_wint_t;




typedef unsigned long __darwin_clock_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_socklen_t;
typedef long __darwin_ssize_t;
typedef long __darwin_time_t;
# 35 "/usr/include/machine/_types.h" 2 3 4
# 34 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 2 3 4
# 58 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 3 4
struct __darwin_pthread_handler_rec
{
 void (*__routine)(void *);
 void *__arg;
 struct __darwin_pthread_handler_rec *__next;
};
struct _opaque_pthread_attr_t { long __sig; char __opaque[56]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_cond_t { long __sig; char __opaque[40]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_condattr_t { long __sig; char __opaque[8]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_mutex_t { long __sig; char __opaque[56]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_mutexattr_t { long __sig; char __opaque[8]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_once_t { long __sig; char __opaque[8]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_rwlock_t { long __sig; char __opaque[192]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_rwlockattr_t { long __sig; char __opaque[16]; };
struct _opaque_pthread_t { long __sig; struct __darwin_pthread_handler_rec *__cleanup_stack; char __opaque[1168]; };
# 94 "/usr/include/sys/_types.h" 3 4
typedef __int64_t __darwin_blkcnt_t;
typedef __int32_t __darwin_blksize_t;
typedef __int32_t __darwin_dev_t;
typedef unsigned int __darwin_fsblkcnt_t;
typedef unsigned int __darwin_fsfilcnt_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_gid_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_id_t;
typedef __uint64_t __darwin_ino64_t;

typedef __darwin_ino64_t __darwin_ino_t;



typedef __darwin_natural_t __darwin_mach_port_name_t;
typedef __darwin_mach_port_name_t __darwin_mach_port_t;
typedef __uint16_t __darwin_mode_t;
typedef __int64_t __darwin_off_t;
typedef __int32_t __darwin_pid_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_attr_t
   __darwin_pthread_attr_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_cond_t
   __darwin_pthread_cond_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_condattr_t
   __darwin_pthread_condattr_t;
typedef unsigned long __darwin_pthread_key_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_mutex_t
   __darwin_pthread_mutex_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_mutexattr_t
   __darwin_pthread_mutexattr_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_once_t
   __darwin_pthread_once_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_rwlock_t
   __darwin_pthread_rwlock_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_rwlockattr_t
   __darwin_pthread_rwlockattr_t;
typedef struct _opaque_pthread_t
   *__darwin_pthread_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_sigset_t;
typedef __int32_t __darwin_suseconds_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_uid_t;
typedef __uint32_t __darwin_useconds_t;
typedef unsigned char __darwin_uuid_t[16];
typedef char __darwin_uuid_string_t[37];
# 28 "/usr/include/_types.h" 2 3 4
# 39 "/usr/include/_types.h" 3 4
typedef int __darwin_nl_item;
typedef int __darwin_wctrans_t;

typedef __uint32_t __darwin_wctype_t;
# 65 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4





typedef __darwin_va_list va_list;




typedef __darwin_off_t off_t;




typedef __darwin_size_t size_t;






typedef __darwin_off_t fpos_t;
# 98 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
struct __sbuf {
 unsigned char *_base;
 int _size;
};


struct __sFILEX;
# 132 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef struct __sFILE {
 unsigned char *_p;
 int _r;
 int _w;
 short _flags;
 short _file;
 struct __sbuf _bf;
 int _lbfsize;


 void *_cookie;
 int (*_close)(void *);
 int (*_read) (void *, char *, int);
 fpos_t (*_seek) (void *, fpos_t, int);
 int (*_write)(void *, const char *, int);


 struct __sbuf _ub;
 struct __sFILEX *_extra;
 int _ur;


 unsigned char _ubuf[3];
 unsigned char _nbuf[1];


 struct __sbuf _lb;


 int _blksize;
 fpos_t _offset;
} FILE;



extern FILE *__stdinp;
extern FILE *__stdoutp;
extern FILE *__stderrp;




# 248 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4

void clearerr(FILE *);
int fclose(FILE *);
int feof(FILE *);
int ferror(FILE *);
int fflush(FILE *);
int fgetc(FILE *);
int fgetpos(FILE * , fpos_t *);
char *fgets(char * , int, FILE *);



FILE *fopen(const char * , const char * ) __asm("_" "fopen" );

int fprintf(FILE * , const char * , ...) ;
int fputc(int, FILE *);
int fputs(const char * , FILE * ) __asm("_" "fputs" );
size_t fread(void * , size_t, size_t, FILE * );
FILE *freopen(const char * , const char * ,
     FILE * ) __asm("_" "freopen" );
int fscanf(FILE * , const char * , ...) ;
int fseek(FILE *, long, int);
int fsetpos(FILE *, const fpos_t *);
long ftell(FILE *);
size_t fwrite(const void * , size_t, size_t, FILE * ) __asm("_" "fwrite" );
int getc(FILE *);
int getchar(void);
char *gets(char *);

extern const int sys_nerr;
extern const char *const sys_errlist[];

void perror(const char *);
int printf(const char * , ...) ;
int putc(int, FILE *);
int putchar(int);
int puts(const char *);
int remove(const char *);
int rename (const char *, const char *);
void rewind(FILE *);
int scanf(const char * , ...) ;
void setbuf(FILE * , char * );
int setvbuf(FILE * , char * , int, size_t);
int sprintf(char * , const char * , ...) ;
int sscanf(const char * , const char * , ...) ;
FILE *tmpfile(void);
char *tmpnam(char *);
int ungetc(int, FILE *);
int vfprintf(FILE * , const char * , va_list) ;
int vprintf(const char * , va_list) ;
int vsprintf(char * , const char * , va_list) ;

int asprintf(char **, const char *, ...) ;
int vasprintf(char **, const char *, va_list) ;










char *ctermid(char *);

char *ctermid_r(char *);




FILE *fdopen(int, const char *) __asm("_" "fdopen" );


char *fgetln(FILE *, size_t *);

int fileno(FILE *);
void flockfile(FILE *);

const char
 *fmtcheck(const char *, const char *);
int fpurge(FILE *);

int fseeko(FILE *, off_t, int);
off_t ftello(FILE *);
int ftrylockfile(FILE *);
void funlockfile(FILE *);
int getc_unlocked(FILE *);
int getchar_unlocked(void);

int getw(FILE *);

int pclose(FILE *);



FILE *popen(const char *, const char *) __asm("_" "popen" );

int putc_unlocked(int, FILE *);
int putchar_unlocked(int);

int putw(int, FILE *);
void setbuffer(FILE *, char *, int);
int setlinebuf(FILE *);

int snprintf(char * , size_t, const char * , ...) ;
char *tempnam(const char *, const char *) __asm("_" "tempnam" );
int vfscanf(FILE * , const char * , va_list) ;
int vscanf(const char * , va_list) ;
int vsnprintf(char * , size_t, const char * , va_list) ;
int vsscanf(const char * , const char * , va_list) ;

FILE *zopen(const char *, const char *, int);








FILE *funopen(const void *,
  int (*)(void *, char *, int),
  int (*)(void *, const char *, int),
  fpos_t (*)(void *, fpos_t, int),
  int (*)(void *));

# 383 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4

int __srget(FILE *);
int __svfscanf(FILE *, const char *, va_list) ;
int __swbuf(int, FILE *);








static __inline int __sputc(int _c, FILE *_p) {
 if (--_p->_w >= 0 || (_p->_w >= _p->_lbfsize && (char)_c != '\n'))
  return (*_p->_p++ = _c);
 else
  return (__swbuf(_c, _p));
}
# 443 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/secure/_stdio.h" 1 3 4
# 31 "/usr/include/secure/_stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/secure/_common.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/secure/_stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 42 "/usr/include/secure/_stdio.h" 3 4
extern int __sprintf_chk (char * , int, size_t,
     const char * , ...)
  ;




extern int __snprintf_chk (char * , size_t, int, size_t,
      const char * , ...)
  ;




extern int __vsprintf_chk (char * , int, size_t,
      const char * , va_list)
  ;




extern int __vsnprintf_chk (char * , size_t, int, size_t,
       const char * , va_list)
  ;
# 444 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 2 "hello.c" 2
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
  printf("Hello C\n");
  return 0;
}